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Salinity in agricultural soil is a severe problem that affects the growth and production in numerous crops all over the world. The country's salt?affected land is estimated to be 6.74 million hectares. According to estimates, approximately 10% more land is becoming salinized each year, and by 2050, nearly half of all arable land will be contaminated by salt. Plants may have bacterial companions that shield them from the negative consequences of salt stress (SS). Plant growth?promoting bacteria (PGPR) can minimize the usage of agrochemicals while also improving plant production, nutrition, and biotic–abiotic stress tolerance. The enzyme 1? aminocyclopropane?1?carboxylic acid deaminase (ACCD) is found in certain bacteria and works by degrading ACC (ethylene precursor in higher plants) into ??ketobutyrate and ammonia (NH ), thereby reducing the ACC levels, thus, inhibits excessive biosynthesis of3 ethylene under numerous stress circumstances. This is one of the most effective methods for inducing plant tolerance to SS. The current review highlighted the recent works of ACCD under SS environment. Further, the relevance of reducing the negative effect of ROS and increasing plant development under SS were also discussed. We propose a path for the community to employ beneficial microorganisms to boost agricultural yield and achieve sustainable development by highlighting plant?microbe interactions in this review.
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<i></i>Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic hyperglycaemic syndrome prevalent worldwide which predisposes to increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Dyslipidaemia significantly contributes to the increased risk of cardiovascular disease and other morbidities in these subjects. Several studies conducted in the past shows that the non-pharmacological approach such as lifestyle modification that is yoga practices on daily basis have resulted in improvement in dyslipidemia status in cardiovascular disease. Aim and Objectives: This study was conducted to study the effect of Yogic Asanas on lipid profile in type 2 diabetic subjects. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective randomized control study. We enrolled 80 Type 2 diabetic subjects both males and females in the age group of 40–60 years based on inclusion and exclusion criteria from January 2021 to September 2021. Before and after 3 months of yoga and pranayama repeat fasting blood samples were taken from all the participants for lipid profile parameters estimation. All the results obtained before and after yoga and pranayama were compared using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20, student paired t test. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Yogic exercises significantly benefits the diabetes patients with their lipid profile levels. Conclusion: Yogic exercises would give benefit to the patient by reducing cholesterol and low- density lipoprotein cholesterol levels as well as increasing high-density lipoprotein levels and improve the status of patients in terms of use of less medicine, improvement of physical well-being leading to complication-free life.
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Background & Objectives: Besides spiritual achievements, the practice of yoga is accompanied by a number of beneficial physiological effects in the body. The regular practice of yoga integrates the mind and the body.It produces many systemic psycho-physical effects in the body, besides its specific effects on the respiratory functions.The aim of the present study was to assess the beneficial effects of yoga in the improvements in the pulmonary functions of young healthy adults. Methods: The study group consisted of 30 young adults (19 males and 11 females) who were students of first year M.B.B.S.,medical college Baroda.They were motivated to participate in yoga workshop for one hour daily for four weeks. The first phase of the recording of the pulmonary parameters (M.V.V,FVC,FEV1,PEFR) was done at the beginning of their course. The second phase of the recording was done after 4 weeks of the regular yoga practice. The data were analyzed using student’s Paired T – test. Results: Participants had a mean±SD age of 17.81 ± 0.48 years, height of 164.21±5.09 cm and weight of 54.34±5.63kg. The MVV(L/MIN) - before yoga practice showed a value of 97.4±24.4 and after , it showed a value of 119±28. The FVC(ml) - before yoga practice showed a value of 2575 ±631and after , it showed a value of 2768 ±618. The FEV1(ml)- before yoga practice showed a value of 2270± 636 and after , it showed a value of 2476 ±570. The PEFR(L/MIN) - before yoga practice showed a value of 479±103 and after , it showed a value of 585±120. For all the parameters, a P value of <0.01 was considered as statistically significant. Conclusion: There was a statistically significant increase in all the above lung parameters in the regular yoga practitioners.This study proposes that regular practice of yoga can improve health related aspects of physical fitness and general wellbeing.
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Background & objectives: For almost a century, there has been constant speculation on the relationship between life stress, the individual’s response and the blood pressure changes. Various studies have shown that actual decline in blood pressure with non invasive behaviour therapy vary widely. We studied the effectiveness of progressive muscular relaxation technique in re-establishing normalcy in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in young hypertensive subjects in Baroda. Methods: 84 hypertensive individuals were randomly divided in group Ia and group Ib of which 24 subjects in group Ia and 26 subjects in group Ib completed the study. Group Ib subjects were instructed to practice relaxation technique as per pre-recorded cassette twice daily for three months. Age and sex matched 23 normotensive subjects served as controls (group II). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was measured in sitting and lying down position before and after 3 months of practice. Results show a significantly higher systolic (143.1 vs 121 mmHg) and diastolic (92.13 vs 76.35 mmHg) blood pressure in hypertensive group compared to control in basal condition. After 3 months of relaxation practice systolic (137.87 vs 142.93 mmHg) blood pressure was significantly lower in experimental group Ib while diastolic blood pressure shows no significant change with relaxation practice. Compared to control the blood pressure was still higher in experimental group Ib after relaxation practice. Conclusion: The progressive muscle relaxation technique by decreasing sympathetic tone probably reduces systolic blood pressure. Thus it is found to be a valuable adjunct to the treatment of essential hypertension in young hypertensive.
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Characterisation of host immune response to hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes may have an important prognostic and therapeutic implication. Genotype-3 was more prevalent in the examined cohort and demonstrated a significantly higher response to combination therapy than genotype-1. Sustained virological response (SVR) was 94.74% in genotype-3 and 45.45% in genotype-1. The patients who achieved SVR reported higher levels of circulating T helper 1 cytokines in comparison to subjects with no SVR in both the studied groups. Besides providing local prevalence, our study might also assist in understanding the host immune mechanisms involved to achieve SVR during combination therapy in chronic HCV patients.
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In a wide variety of circumstances of feticide, fetal age determination is important for identification. This is an important identification feature in postmortem cases. There are many different parameters to determine the age from fetus. But actual problem arises, when the body of fetus is either mutilated or decomposed. The data of femur length and other variables at various gestational ages can be used for age estimation of fetus at autopsy. But at time of autopsy each bone may or may not be present for autopsy. So, this study of ultrasonic fetal biparietal diameter was done to collect data, which can be utilized to ascertain the age of fetus in autopsy cases particularly in the Punjab region. This regional data can also be used to determine gestation age, if exact last menstrual period date is not known in antenatal cases of this region or to develop charts for ultrasound dating of pregnancy based on biparietal diameter and, second, to derive reference curves for normal fetal growth based on bi-parietal diameter.
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Autopsy , Cephalometry , Female , Gestational Age , Humans , Pregnancy , Prenatal Diagnosis , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
Present study was carried out to correlate academic performance of Indian school children with their intelligence quotient (as measured by Porteus Maze Tests). These tests have been tried and tested successfully in previous studies, don’t require sophisticated equipment and are easier to administer than traditional tests like Wechsler Tests. Contrary to popular belief, no statistically significant correlation was found in this study between intelligence and academic grades. Thus intelligence is not a prerequisite to succeed in examinations and therefore in life.
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Present study was carried out to correlate academic performance of Indian school children with their intelligence quotient (as measured by Porteus Maze Tests). These tests have been tried and tested successfully in previous studies, don’t require sophisticated equipment and are easier to administer than traditional tests like Wechsler Tests. Contrary to popular belief, no statistically significant correlation was found in this study between intelligence and academic grades. Thus intelligence is not a prerequisite to succeed in examinations and therefore in life.
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BACKGROUND: Histopathological evaluation of skin lesions is not feasible in many leprosy endemic areas. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a simpler tool compared to histopathology for the evaluation of the cytomorphology of skin lesions. AIMS: To study the cytomorphology of leprosy lesions in fine needle aspirates and correlate it with the histopathology. METHODS: Seventy leprosy patients diagnosed and classified according to Ridley Jopling scale were included. Fine needle aspirates were taken from the lesion followed by a skin biopsy from the same site for histopathological examination after H/E staining. RESULTS: Borderline leprosy patients with Type I reaction showed significantly large numbers of giant cells, collagen and elastin in their smears as compared to those without reaction. The smears were more heavily cellular with fragmented collagen and elastin along with significant increase in neutrophils in patients with Type II reaction while foamy macrophages with fatty background were common in non-reactional lepromatous leprosy patients. A complete correlation between histopathological and cytomorphological findings was observed in 77.3% of cases. CONCLUSION: FNAC may be used as an alternative tool to assess leprosy lesions in areas where histopathological services are not readily available.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Biopsy, Fine-Needle/methods , Child , Cytodiagnosis , Female , Humans , Hypersensitivity , Leprosy/classification , Leprosy, Borderline/pathology , Leprosy, Lepromatous/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Skin/immunologyABSTRACT
The success of a perfect ward round lies in the role of the consultant leading the 'round making group' (RMG) as well as the hallmark of effective questioning and participation of each member. Twelve senior consultants with more than 10 years' experience in neurosurgical practice at three different university hospitals were observed during round making by a participant observer. Observations were made on the group climate of the RMG, the leadership pattern and language expressed by the clinician conducting the round and the effectiveness in his performance as a leader during clinical discussions. The group climate showed evidence of good productivity and flexibility with 92% and 75% consultants, pleasantness of climate was above average with only 50% (6/12) and poor objectivity with 42% (5/12) consultants. Forty two percent of the consultants were not always very well comprehensible, while only 50% (6/12) spoke exactly fitting the occasion. Only 33% (4/12) of the consultants used humour effectively, while 42% (5/12) spoke unnecessarily in between discussion and were poor in introducing the problems of patient to the round making group. Ward round making in neurosurgical practice needs a holistic approach with motivation, planning, leadership skills and structured curriculum to fulfill its objectives.
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Communication , Consultants/psychology , Group Structure , Hospitals, University , Humans , Interprofessional Relations , Leadership , Medical Staff, Hospital/education , Neurosurgery/education , Physician-Patient Relations , TeachingABSTRACT
The three texts written by Charak, Sushrut and Vagbhat are considered as Vrihattrayee because of their original contributions to the basic tenants of Ayurveda and innovative uses of plants and medicine. But despite the possibility of exploring efficacious for mulations from among these classics, not much attempts have been made in this direction, due to the fact that now most of them are not in vogue in practice by majority of Ayurvedic physicians. As such, a glossary of plants as described in those texts for the management of prameha including diabetes has been collected which would be useful for studying these drugs from different angles.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus/history , Historiography , History, 21st Century , History, Ancient , History, Early Modern 1451-1600 , History, Medieval , History, Modern 1601- , India , Medicine, Ayurvedic/history , Plants, MedicinalABSTRACT
Amongst different institutions, "Parija Library" of Utkal University, Bhubaneswar has about 101 palm-leaf manuscripts (mss.) on Ayurveda to its credit. Most of these mss. have not been reported earlier. Herewith a brief description of these mss. has been made with the intention of bringing it out for the Ayurvedic fraternity and to enrich the literary stock of Ayurveda.